TREE FRUIT & GRAPES

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Question #1: Which direction should I plant grape vine for optimum production?

Answer: The best direction would be north to south. This allows the plant to maximize the sun's energy and produce healthy plants. Plants on a north/south direction are usually less damaged by winds also. You may want to refer to our fact sheet on growing grapes in Oklahoma, F-6246 - "Growing Grapes in the Home Garden."
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Question #2: I have tried raspberries but did not have much success with them. Can you recommend varieties that will do well in Oklahoma?
Answer: Typically raspberries do not do as well as blackberries in Oklahoma, but here are a few to try.

Heritage
Southland
Caroline
Lauren

all are available from Nourse Farms, in Whately Massachussetts. Just key
http://www.noursefarms.com

Also, any of the black and/or purple raspberries would do well here, too. i.e. 'Bristol', Jewel, etc. Nourse carries those, too.

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Question #3: I'm interested in some information about propagation of grapes. Do you have any resources?

Answer: To get more grape plants out of your winter prunings, use some of the prunings to make cuttings that can be rooted. Cuttings can be taken any time while the plant is dormant and usually February is a good time to take cuttings. Be sure to use healthy sections of vine when making cuttings. The cuttings should be long enough to contain at least three nodes (buds). Cut the top about 1/4 inch above the top node at an angle and the bottom of the cutting about 1/4 inch below the bottom node straight across so you can remember when end is up. Next, place all the grape cuttings upside down in a container filled with moist peat moss and cover them up with more peat moss. Cover the top of the container with a plastic bag and place in a corner somewhere where it will not freeze. The cuttings should have roots in a couple of months. At this time, take the cuttings out of the peat moss and pot them up - right side up with the top two buds above the soil line and place in a sunny location that is protected from frost. Water the plants in. The buds should break and start to grow. Plant the grapes outside when all danger of frost has passed in the spring. When potting up the grape cuttings, use a well-drained nursery mix. A mix of peat, composted pine bark, and sand at a ration of 3:1:1 is a good mix.
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Question #4: I am wanting to plant blackberries for use in making wine. I would like to grow thornless varieties, hopefully with smaller or fewer seeds (is that possible?) Is there someone there who might be able to give me some suggestions? Also, do you know any possible suppliers that would sell these plants barerooted? I would really appreciate your help.

Answer: The most prominent thornless blackberry varieties for use in OK tend to be those released from the Arkansas breeding program. Those include Apache, Arapaho, and Navaho. Detailed descriptions of these varieties and others can be found at the following site along with sources for the varieties:
http://www.aragriculture.org/commhort/fruits/Blackberries/default.asp#Arkansas Varieties

I do not know about seed size in each variety but the thornless character is likely not associated with seeds. I hope you find this information useful.
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Question #5: Where can I find seedless grape plants for my own garden?

Answer: The following sources may be helpful in locating seedless grapes. Realize there are many sources available, but this may get you pointed in the right direction. It is also suggested that you purchase plant material grown as close to home as possible because plants will more likely be adapted to your region and climate. You may also want to check with your state's Agricultural Department for listings of growers in your own state.

If you have access to the internet, this site provides a good list of fruit growers across the country - http://www.qnet.com/~johnsonj/Fruit.htm

The nurseries listed below are good variety sources and can also be found in the list provided by the above website.

WOMACK NURSERY CO.
Rt. 1, Box 80
DeLeon, TX 76444-9649
817-893-6497, FAX 817-893-3400
Nut and fruit trees, esp. pecans, peaches, Goof selection of pruning shears and knives, and budding knives. $25 min. order. 34-page catalog with b/w pics and brief descriptions, free.
Quality: Good
Service: Good
Variety: Fair to Good
SOUTHMEADOW FRUIT GARDENS
PO Box 211, 10603 Cleveland Ave.
Baroda, MI 49101
616-422-2411, FAX 616-422-1464
Old and new tree fruits, grapes, misc fruits. Free price list, or $9 for guide to antique fruits.
Quality: unknown
Variety: Good

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Question #6: My wife and I live in Edmond, OK and planted a grape vine this spring. I think it is a red seedless type. The plant seems to be doing quite well and is growing and climbing on our lattice panel but has yet to produce. I know on some plants, they won't the first year but we were wondering if we have to have to or more for fruit production. We never thought about needing more but will plant several more if that is what is needed. Please advise if possible.

Answer: Most grapes do not need another plant for pollination. The exception is Scuppernong and muscadine varieties. As far as it not producing this year, that is OK. In order to get a well established plant that will produce quality fruit, it is recommended that you do not allow the plants to produce fruit for the first 2 or three springs. If fruit is allowed to develop it will reduce the growth and vigor of the vine. If the vine has reached the top wire of the trellis and has been trained into its final form after the second growing season, it may be allowed to set a light crop the following spring. About half of the flower clusters should be removed to make sure the vines are not weakened by the fruit load.

Proper fertilization and pruning is also important to the success of grape production. For additional information on growing grapes in Oklahoma, go to our department homepage at www.hortla.okstate.edu. Select "Lawn & Garden," then "Horticulture Info Fact Sheets," then go to "Fruits & Nuts," and then F-6246 - Growing Grapes in the Home Garden. You may also contact your County Cooperative Extension Office for additional information or to request a copy of the publication if you are unable to access it via the web.
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Question #7: I am a homeowner with an oriental persimmon. I don't know the age of the tree. They have had very little fruit production. Any suggestions?
Answer: I don't know much about persimmon but here is what I have been able to gather. Persimmon are dioecious or male and female trees, thus the male tree will not bare fruit or very little if any. It is also listed as being hardy to zone 7, so perhaps the colder temperatures are causing damage to the flower buds or stems. Persimmon succeed under widely varying soil conditions, but are not tolerant of poorly drained soils. Persimmon respond to an application of nitrogen if the soil is deficient. Best time to apply nitrogen is at dormant or nonfruiting times, such as late winter or early spring. However, excess nitrogen will cause young fruit to drop. Apparently persimmon do not respond to or need fertilizers other than those containing nitrogen. They are not troubled by excess or deficiencies of other elements.

They are remarkably free from disease and pest and do not require a pollinizer to set fruit. Pruning is rarely needed except to keep the plant manageable and to remove dead wood. Fruit are born on current season's growth and usually form on outer part of tree. Fruit thinning is not necessary unless weight of fruit may cause damage to limbs.
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Question #8: I have 2 plum trees, 2 peach trees and an apricot tree. They're 3 years old but they still haven't produced fruit. I've never sprayed, do you think maybe that's why?

Answer: Some trees just need to be older before they will bear good fruit, as much as five years old. Most are self-fruitful but it is usually advised to plant two or more varieties for better pollination. However, our winters and late freezes are often the culprit for poor fruit set around here. Apricots are not recommended in Oklahoma just for that reason. They bloom too early and almost always get nipped by late freezes. Depending on the varieties, peaches and plums can also be damaged. For management and spray recommendations see fact sheets F-7319, F-6228, F-6229, and F-6244.


Horticulture & Landscape Architecture Department
Oklahoma State University
Stillwater, OK